解析参数对活性焦再生过程及再生效果的影响

 活性焦的热解析参数对再生活性焦的脱硫脱硝性能和机械强度至关重要。为了明确解析参数对活性焦再生过程和再生效果的影响规律,通过热解析试验探究活性焦硫残余比例、CO₂和CO生成量及再生活性焦脱硫脱硝性能随解析温度和解析时间的变化规律,继而明确适宜的活性焦热解析参数。结果表明,活性焦升温解析过程中,脱硫产物在317 ℃左右迅速分解,随后分解速率下降;在进入恒温解析阶段后脱硫产物分解速率先快速下降,而后进入缓慢解析状态。硫残余比例随恒温解析温度的升高而下降,在530 ℃下解析3 h可使脱硫产物完全解析;解析温度高于430 ℃后,活性焦表面的酚基、醌基、内酯基等含氧官能团分解量明显增加,并随恒温解析温度的升高而持续增加,分解所生成的CO和CO₂也随之大幅增加,这将使活性焦的孔隙结构进一步发展,继而不利于活性焦机械强度的保持;解析温度低于530 ℃时,硫残余比例随解析温度的升高而持续降低,使再生活性焦的脱硫脱硝性能持续提高;解析温度高于530 ℃后,含氧官能团分解量随解析温度的升高而持续增加,这将有利于提高活性焦表面SO₂氧化反应速率,继而使再生活性焦的脱硫性能持续升高,但酚基、内酯基等酸性含氧官能团的分解使再生活性焦对NH₃的吸附性能降低,进而使其脱硝性能降低。在兼顾再生活性焦脱硫脱硝性能、机械强度和生产效率等多方面因素时,430 ℃恒温解析3 h是相对较优的解析参数。在此解析条件下,再生活性焦的硫残余比例仅为1.8%,含氧官能团尚未发生大量分解,脱硫脱硝性能相对较为优良。     

炼铁系统低碳技术发展前景与途径

 现代高炉炼铁是以人造矿石和焦炭为物质基础的。现代高炉实现绿色低碳炼铁,需要从炼铁工序的层次优化工艺流程和关键技术,实现烧结、球团、高炉等多工序的协同优化。面向未来,在提高资源和能源利用效率的同时,基于现有技术推进采用低碳节能技术和先进工艺。对于烧结、高炉等传统工艺技术,要进一步研究并应用先进技术,提高生产效能、降低能源消耗和碳排放。持续研究推广绿色低碳烧结技术,如低碳厚料层烧结技术、烧结料面富氢气体喷吹技术、烧结返矿高效回收利用技术、低温烧结技术和热风循环烧结技术等,有效降低烧结过程的能源消耗和CO₂排放。充分利用中国精矿粉资源生产球团矿,提高球团矿产能和产量,进而提高球团矿入炉比率和炉料综合品位,有效降低碳素燃料消耗。提高高炉富氧率和喷煤量,持续提高风温、降低燃料消耗,提高高炉顶压和煤气利用率。有条件的高炉喷吹富氢气体以减少焦炭消耗,开发应用高炉炉顶煤气循环及CO₂脱除再利用(CCUS)等技术。研究解析了高炉炼铁工艺碳-氢耦合还原的热力学机理,讨论了在高炉内不同温度区域固体碳、CO和H₂的还原能力,提出了直接还原与间接还原的耦合匹配是实现最低燃料比的技术核心,探讨了高炉炼铁喷吹全氢/富氢气体的技术可行性和经济性。这些综合技术措施对于进一步降低高炉工艺流程的碳素消耗、减少CO₂排放具有显著效应。与此同时,设计先进合理的流程系统和耗散结构,优化工序界面技术,构建信息物理系统(CPS)实现炼铁工序协同高效、动态有序运行,这也是高炉炼铁工艺实现绿色低碳的关键共性技术之一,具有广泛的适用性和显著的应用效果。     

烧结混合料水含量自动控制系统开发与应用

烧结过程中混合料水含量对烧结矿的产量和质量有至关重要的影响。传统的烧结混合料加水量控制是以目标水含量与混合料原始水含量的偏差作为前馈量调整加水量,该方式只是对加水量进行简单控制,不能根据实时的混合料水含量偏差和料种变化情况对加水量进行精准控制。为此,开发了烧结混合料水含量自动控制系统,采用前馈和后馈相结合以及红外水分仪和微波水分仪联合后馈控制的调整方式,应用原燃料数据动态追踪技术,通过混合料加水过程的自动控制,将混合料水含量波动范围控制在目标水含量的±0.15%以内,实现了烧结混合料加水量的精准控制,提高了烧结矿的质量和产量,经济效益和社会效益显著。     

高铝粉煤灰高效增值利用新技术

针对当前高铝粉煤灰综合利用技术难题,提出了高铝粉煤灰预脱硅烧结法提取氧化铝新工艺。新工艺取消了铝酸钠溶液碳酸化分解工序,改为全种子分解工艺。通过合成技术优化,采用高苛性比合成技术,种分母液与预脱硅后的硅酸钠溶液可制备出合格的洗涤用4A沸石。生产过程中,通过补充少量水玻璃用于调节氢氧化铝和4A沸石两种产品的产出比例,可以较好地保障生产系统物料平衡。新工艺取消了石灰炉、氧化铝焙烧炉、铝酸钠溶液碳酸化分解和深度脱硅工序,工艺能耗降低,废渣排放量减少,碳排放量降低。此技术生产流程相对简单、技术可行、经济性好、竞争力较强。     

Synthesis of Ti3SiC2 by spark plasma sintering(SPS)of elemental powders

Ti3SiC2 materials have been fabricated by spark plasma sintering of the elemental powders with the addition of Al.At the heating rate of 80℃/min and under the pressure of 30MPa,the ideal synthesis temperature of Ti3SiC2 is in the range of 1150-1250℃.The addition of Al is in favor of the formation of Ti3SiC2.The synthesized compound has the molecular of Ti3Si0.8Al0.2C2 and lattice parameters of α=0.3069nm,c=1.7670nm.Its grain is plane-shape with a size of about 50μm in the elongated dimension.The prepared material has Vickers hardness of 3.5-5.5GPa(at 1N and 15s) and is as readily machinable as graphite‘s.     

焦粉粒度对烧结混合料制粒的影响

摘要：研究了焦粉粒度对烧结混合料制粒的影响,包括焦粉在制粒小球中的分布规律与混合料制粒效果。结果表明：粒度小于0.5mm焦粉主要起黏附粉作用,较为均匀地黏附到各粒级制粒小球中;粒度在0.5~1mm的焦粉作为核颗粒,分布在0.5~1mm、1~3mm制粒小球中的占比总和为81.3%,部分以共核形式存在于3~5mm及以上粒级的制粒小球中;粒度在1~3mm及以上粒级焦粉作为核颗粒分布于相同粒级与大一粒级的制粒小球中;粒度在1~3mm及以上粒级焦粉对烧结混合料制粒无明显影响,粒度小于1mm的焦粉会提高制粒后混合料中小粒径制粒小球的含量,不利于混合料制粒,应尽可能减少焦粉中粒度在05~1mm的含量,将焦粉中粒度小于0.5mm的质量分数控制在20%~30%。     

焦炭催化CO-NO反应的动力学实验研究北大核心CSCD

从高炉风口喷吹烧结烟气是一种有别于传统烟气脱硝工艺的新思路。为探究烧结烟气喷入风口后,焦炭催化CO-NO还原反应的动力学过程,实验以CO、NO气体为原料,以焦炭为催化剂,将不同流量配比的CO和NO混合气体在炉温为850~975℃时通入炉内,在出口处测量CO和NO反应后体积分数。实验结果表明,焦炭对CO还原NO反应有明显的催化作用;反应温度不变,CO和NO的流量比增大时,NO的还原率会增大;CO和NO的流量比不变,温度增大时,NO的还原率也会增大;炉温850、900、925、950、975℃时,反应速率常数分别为0.56、0.88、0.78、1.28、1.38 m^(3)/(mol·s),通过拟合动力学参数得到反应的活化能E;为84.1 kJ/mol。     

Influence of alloy ingredients on mechanical properties of ternary boride hard alloy clad materials

Using Mo, B-Fe alloy and Fe powders as raw materials, and adding C, Cr and Ni ingredients, respectively, or C, Cr and Ni mixed powders, ternary boride hard alloy clad materials was prepared on Q235 steel substrate by means of in-situ reaction and vacuum liquid phase sintering technology. The influence of alloy ingredients on the mechanical properties of ternary boride hard alloy clad materials was investigated. The results indicate that a mixture of 0.8% C, 5% Cr and 2% Ni ingredients gives a ternary boride hard alloy clad material with optimal mechanical properties, such as high transverse rupture strength, high hardness and good wear resistance.     

Effects of sintering pressure and temperature on microstructure and tribological characteristic of Cu-based aircraft brake material

A novel Cu-based P/M aircraft brake material was prepared and the effects of sintering pressure and temperature on microstructure and tribological characteristic were investigated. For the constant sintering temperature, when the sintering pressure increases from 0.5 MPa to 1.5 MPa, the porosity, wear loss and friction coefficient decrease remarkably. When the sintering pressure increases from 1.5 MPa to 2.5 MPa, the porosity further decreases but in a little degree and wear behaviors are improved slightly. However, once the sintering pressure is larger than 2.5 MPa, it has no obvious effect on microstructure and tribological characteristic. For the constant sintering pressure, when the sintering temperature increases from 900 ℃ to 930 ℃, the sintered density remarkably-increases, and wear behaviors are obviously improved. For further increasing sintering temperature to l 000 ℃, the density keeps on increasing, but wear behaviors change slightly.     

Intelligent optimal control for lead-zinc sintering process state

The intelligent integrated predictive model of synthetical permeability was established using the fuzzy classifier to combine the time sequence predictive model with the craftwork parameter predictive model. Then, the estimation model of bum-through point（BTP） based on pipe stress point（PSP） method and the predictive model of BTP were proposed. The optimal control of permeability and heat states was implemented by using the fuzzy expert controller with self-studying mechanism. The application of the intelligent control technique suppresses 17% of the fluctuation of synthetical permeability and 12% of the fluctuation of BTP, stabilizes the output and quality of sinter and settles the basis for the optimization of output and quality of sintering process.